A Survey on Anti-Spooﬁng Schemes for Fingerprint Recognition Systems

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Robust multimodal face and fingerprint fusion in the presence of spoofing attacks (2016, background): “Consequently, there are numerous studies [1,2] and open challenges [3,4] on anti-spoofing techniques assessing the spoofing detector's ability to distinguish between genuine and fake attempts for especially these two traits.”
50 years of biometric research: Accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities (2016, unknown): “Recently, several large-scale national identification systems for civilians such as India's Aadhaar project [72] , Mexico's national ID program, and Indonesia's e-ktp program include iris as one of the primary biometric modalities.”