Transient Floral Change and Rapid Global Warming at the Paleocene-Eocene Boundary

By S. Wing, G. Harrington, F. Smith, J. Bloch, Doug M. Boyer, K. Freeman. Science, 2005

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Production of n-alkyl lipids in living plants and implications for the geologic past (2011, background): “At the transition from the Paleocene to Eocene, 55.8 million years ago, a large amount of carbon was added to the atmosphere, perturbing the global carbon cycle, and causing a period of rapid global warming ( 5 " C; Wing et al., 2005).”
Global patterns in leaf 13C discrimination and implications for studies of past and future climate (2010, methodology): “(2) documented a shift from a mixed angiosperm-conifer flora (∼25% angiosperm) in the late Paleocene to an angiosperm flora (∼100%) at the onset of the CIE, and inferred that the 5% decrease in δ13Cleaf (estimated from n-alkanes) reflected both a decrease in δ(13)Catm (3–4%) and an increase in Δleaf”
Angiosperms Helped Put the Rain in the Rainforests: The Impact of Plant Physiological Evolution on Tropical Biodiversity1 (2010, background): “In response, terrestrial plant populations migrated 1000 km or more to higher latitudes (Wing et al., 2005; Smith et al., 2007).”