Enzymatic Browning, Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, and Polyphenols in Four Apple Cultivars: Dynamics during Fruit Development

By D. Holderbaum, T. Kon, T. Kudo, M. P. Guerra. 2010

170 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Additional index words. Malus ·sylvestris var. domestica, fruit maturation, polyphenols- polyphenol oxidase complex, chlorogenic acid, catechins, procyanidin B2, low browning apple Abstract. Enzymatic browning is one of the most important reactions that occur in fruits and vegetables, usually resulting in negative effects on color, taste, flavor, and nutritional value. The reaction is a consequence of phenolic compounds' oxidation by polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which triggers the generation of dark pigments. This is particularly relevant for apples, which are rich in polyphenols and highly susceptible to enzymatic browning. The objective of the present work was to quantify enzymatic browning and PPO activity and identify and quantify target polyphenols in apple (Malus ·sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.) pulp in the cultivars (cvs.) Aori27, Elstar, Fuji, and Mellow at three fruit developmental stages (FDS). The enzymatic browning was quantified by tristimulus colorimetry; PPO activity was quantified by an enzyme- substratespectrophotometricassay;phenoliccompoundsweredeterminedandquantified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible-mass spectrometry. Enzymatic browning showed significant difference among cvs. and FDSs and interaction between both factors. PPO activity showed significant difference among cultivars and FDSs. A significant difference was evidenced for polyphenol content among cultivars and FDSs with interaction between both factors. Chlorogenic acid was the major phenolic compound in 'Aori27' and 'Mellow'. In 'Fuji', chlorogenic acid and (-)-epicatechin were the major phenolics and in 'Elstar' (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B2 were the major phenolics at different FDSs. The enzymatic browning showed high correlation to polyphenol content in all cultivars and high correlation was observed between browning and PPO activity in 'Aori27' and 'Elstar'. The magnitude of the correlation between browning and polyphenols and PPO activity is genotype-specific. At the commer- cial harvest, 'Fuji' showed the highest polyphenol content and 'Aori27' showed the low- est level for enzymatic browning. Chemical names used: 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl) quinic acid (chlorogenic acid), (-)-cis-3,3#,4#,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane (epicatechin), and cis,cis$-4,8$-Bi(3,3#,4#,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane) (procyanidin B2).

Subfields: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fc30c7dc133878879684f56de922ea399b024027