Food crops face rising temperatures: An overview of responses, adaptive mechanisms, and approaches to improve heat tolerance
By Neeru Kaushal, Kalpna Bhandari, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, H. Nayyar. 2016
205 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract The rising temperatures are resulting in heat stress for various agricultural crops to limit their growth, metabolism, and leading to significant loss of yield potential worldwide. Heat stress adversely affects normal plant growth and development depending on the sensitivity of each crop species. Each crop species has its own range of temperature maxima and minima at different developmental stages beyond which all these processes get inhibited. The reproductive stage is on the whole more sensitive to heat stress, resulting in impaired fertilization to cause abortion of flowers. During seed filling, heat stress retards seed growth by affecting all the biochemical events to reduce seed size. Unfavorable temperature may significantly affect photosynthesis, respiration, water balance, and membrane stability of leaves. To combat heat stress, plants acquire various defense mechanisms for their survival such as maintaining membrane stability, and scavenging reactive oxygen species by generating antioxidants and stress proteins. Thermo-tolerance can be improved by the accumulation of various compounds of low molecular mass known as thermo-protectants as well as phyto-hormones. Exogenous application of these molecules has benefited plants growing under heat stress. Alternatively, transgenic plants over-expressing the enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of these molecules may be raised to increase their endogenous levels to improve heat tolerance. In recent times, various transgenics have been developed with improved thermo-tolerance having potential benefits for inducing heat tolerance in food crops. Updated information about of the effects of heat stress on various food crops and their responses as well as adaptive mechanisms is reviewed here.
Subfields: Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fbba9aa46841e3add3e38f4065b73667cc764e1e
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Citations in the corpus
- Effects of Heat Stress on Growth, Physiology of Plants, Yield and Grain Quality of Different Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes (2021, background): “Besides, high temperature also reduces pollen fertility and pollen tube development, slows pollen growth, and reduces ovary growth, leading to peer fertilization which ultimately reduces seed setting [9].”
- Heat stress effects and management in wheat. A review (2017, background): “Some other adaptation measures are surface cooling by irrigation (Lobell et al. 2008), antioxidants defense (Suzuki et al. 2011; Caverzan et al. 2016), and osmoprotectants (Farooq et al. 2011; Kaushal et al. 2016).”