Commodities Consensus: Neoextractivism and Enclosure of the Commons in Latin America
By M. Svampa. 2015
382 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Latin America has recently undergone a passage from the Washington consensus, based on financial valorization, to the commodities consensus, based on the large-scale exportation of raw materials, such as hydrocarbons (gas and petroleum), metals and minerals (copper, gold, silver, tin, baux ite, zinc, etc.), agricultural products (corn, soy, and wheat), and biofuels. The commodities consensus is a complex, fast-paced, recursive process and must be read from multiple perspectives. From an economic point of view, it has involved a process of “reprimarization” of Latin American economies, emphasizing their reorientation toward mainly extractive or rent-based activities, with little added value. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in 2011 agricultural, mineral, and commodity raw materials represented 76 percent of the exports of the countries of the Union of South American Nations, compared to only 34 percent for the world as a whole. The manufacture of advanced technology, in comparison, represented 7 percent and 25 percent, respectively (UNCTAD 2014). China’s entry in the global market compounds the situation, as it quickly imposes itself as an unequal South Atlantic Quarterly
Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sociology and Political Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/fba478bfcfe6fe01263ce2328e8bd71bfb8d9da8
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Citations in the corpus
- On the multiple frontiers of extraction: excavating contemporary capitalism (2017, background): “Debates on this topic have unfolded within the framework of what has been described as a transition from the ‘Washington consensus’ to the ‘commodities consensus’ (see for instance Massuh 2012, Svampa and Viale 2014, Svampa 2015).”
- Getting the territory right: infrastructure-led development and the re-emergence of spatial planning strategies (2019, background): “In a remarkable about-face from its 1979 World Development Report, the World Bank – and the Washington Consensus in general – suddenly prioritized “getting the prices right” over balanced regional development.”