Calendar and cycle life study of Li(NiMnCo)O2-based 18650 lithium-ion batteries

By Madeleine Ecker, N. Nieto, S. Käbitz, J. Schmalstieg, H. Blanke, Alexander Warnecke, Dirk Uwe Sauer. 2014

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Cycle aging of commercial NMC/graphite pouch cells at different temperatures (2015, background): “[33], some cells were discovered to face a sudden death near the end of life, but the reason was not confirmed (no post-mortem analysis).”
A Comprehensive Review on Second-Life Batteries: Current State, Manufacturing Considerations, Applications, Impacts, Barriers & Potential Solutions, Business Strategies, and Policies (2019, background): “The capacity of Li-ion cells has been shown to fade with both time and use [50], [59]–[61].”
Review—"Knees" in Lithium-Ion Battery Aging Trajectories (2022, neutral): “17,62,87,88,136,168 In one of the broadest studies, Ecker et al. 88 considered six depths of discharge (DODs) — 100, 80, 50, 20, 10, and 5% — with up to six voltage windows per DOD.”
Economics of Residential Photovoltaic Battery Systems in Germany: The Case of Tesla’s Powerwall (2016, methodology): “We adapted this method to estimate cycle aging of batteries based on findings in literatures [19–24].”