Spectral comparison of heavily hydrated salts with disrupted terrains on Europa

By J. B. Dalton, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, J. Kargel, C. Jamieson, J. Jolivet, R. Quinn. 2005

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JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA mission to orbit Ganymede and to characterise the Jupiter system (2013, background): “It has been hypothesised (e.g., McCord et al., 1998, 1999; Dalton et al., 2005) that this material may be made up of hydrated salt minerals enriched in Mg and Na sulphates that form by the crystallisation of brines erupted from the subsurface.”
SALTS AND RADIATION PRODUCTS ON THE SURFACE OF EUROPA (2013, background): “Indeed, the spectrum of brines of sodium sulfate (McCord et al. 2002; Orlando et al. 2005; Dalton et al. 2005) have the general characteristic needed to better fit the continuum level on the trailing hemisphere.”
Circular polarization in scattered light as a possible biomarker (2009, background): “This reddish material appears to be a complex mixture of sulfate hydrates and other materials [28].”
VLT/SINFONI OBSERVATIONS OF EUROPA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE SURFACE COMPOSITION (2016, background): “Orlando et al. (2005) associated this feature with small cations such as Na+ and Mg2+ in brines, while Dalton et al. (2005) highlighted its spectral coherence with mirabilite (Na2SO4.”
Detection and discrimination of sulfate minerals using reflectance spectroscopy (2006, background): “These absorption features also display significant temperature sensitivity (Dalton, 2003; Dalton et al., 2005), which is important not only for remote sensing of icy satellites, but also for Mars.”