A merging criterion for two-dimensional co-rotating vortices

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The physical mechanism for vortex merging (2003, methodology): “Contour dynamics of uniform-vorticity patches has been employed effectively by Zabusky, Hughes & Roberts (1979), Saffman & Szeto (1980), Overman & Zabusky (1982) and Dritschel (1985, 1986).”
Physics of vortex merging (2005, methodology): “This merging phenomenon has been extensively studied by different numerical methods [7,8] and was also observed experimentally for geostrophic vortices [9], for starting vortices [4], for aircraft wake vortices [10,11], and in mixing layers [12].”
Analysis and treatment of errors due to high velocity gradients in particle image velocimetry (2003, unknown): “Details of this work can be found in Leweke et al. (2001), Meunier and Leweke (2001, 2002) and Meunier et al. (2002).”
Dynamics and Instabilities of Vortex Pairs (2016, background): “…patches have been discovered by different continuation techniques, providing stability characteristics and bifurcation diagrams (e.g., Dritschel 1985, 1995), and the extension of these results to nonuniform vorticity has been investigated (Ehrenstein & Rossi 1999, Meunier et al. 2002).”
Theoretical predictions for the elliptical instability in a two-vortex flow (2002, background): “For instance, it is well-known that for two identical vortices (a1 = a2 and Λ = 1), rapid time-dependent phenomena leading to vortex merging develop when a/b reaches approximately 0.23 (see Meunier et al. 2002).”