An Economic Argument for Affirmative Action

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Delayed Impact of Fair Machine Learning (2018, background): “They propose imposing the demographic parity constraint in a temporary labor market in order to provably achieve an equitable long-term equilibrium in the permanent labor market, reminiscent of economic arguments for affirmative action [Foster and Vohra, 1992].”
Impartial Predictive Modeling: Ensuring Fairness in Arbitrary Models (2016, background): “Most of the literature focuses on the existence of discrimination in market equilibrium without underlying differences in merit between protected groups (Arrow, 1973; Foster and Vohra, 1992; Coate and Loury, 1993).”
Downstream Effects of Affirmative Action (2018, background): “Hu and Chen [9] study a dynamic model of the labor market similar to that of [5, 6] in which two populations are symmetric, but can choose to exert costly effort in order to improve their value to an employer.”
From Fair Decision Making To Social Equality (2018, background): “Moreover, examining dynamics and tracking the populations through time instead of only looking at equilibria as in [8, 18], allows comparing cumulative utility which plays a role in short term considerations.”