Mixed mode delamination of polymer composite laminates reinforced through the thickness by z-fibers

By K. Rugg, B. Cox, R. Massabò. 2002

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A mechanistic interpretation of the comparative in-plane mechanical properties of 3D woven, stitched and pinned composites (2010, background): “The z-binders also tend to suppress crack opening, so that the crack propagate s in nearly pure mode II conditions [114,115].”
Improvement of low-velocity impact and compression-after-impact performance by z-fibre pinning (2006, background): “It is in the delamination growth regime that z-pins are most effective [9, 20]; hence the impact damage size is much reduced compared to the unpinned laminates.”
Delamination of Z-pinned carbon fibre reinforced laminates (2006, background): “Analytical models describing the crack bridging actions of Z-pins in both Mode I and mixed Mode I / Mode II are in an advanced state of development [10-12].”
Modern topics and challenges in dynamic fracture (2005, background): “Importantly, experiments and theory have both shown that, for common through-thickness reinforcement types, such as stitches and rods, mode I displacements tend to be suppressed more effectively than mode II displacements, for both static and dynamic loading (Massabò and Cox, 2001; Rugg et al., 2002”
Cohesive models for damage evolution in laminated composites (2005, background): “and growth to a large crack size, the area under the cohesive traction law indicates the LEFM fracture toughness (Budiansky et al., 1986; Rose, 1987 ).”