Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling

By P. Ray, Bo-Wen Huang, Y. Tsuji. Cellular Signalling, 2012

4,066 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as well as in cellular response to xenobiotics, cytokines, and bacterial invasion. Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance due to excess ROS or oxidants over the capability of the cell to mount an effective antioxidant response. Oxidative stress results in macromolecular damage and is implicated in various disease states such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging. Paradoxically, accumulating evidence indicates that ROS also serve as critical signaling molecules in cell proliferation and survival. While there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the “oxidative interface.” Cellular ROS sensing and metabolism are tightly regulated by a variety of proteins involved in the redox (reduction/oxidation) mechanism. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases, PI3 kinase, PTEN, and protein tyrosine phosphatases), ROS homeostasis and antioxidant gene regulation (thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin, Ref-1, and Nrf-2), mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and aging (p66Shc), iron homeostasis through iron–sulfur cluster proteins (IRE–IRP), and ATM-regulated DNA damage response.

Subfields: Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f8f37676a2ee24749aac390e97460edb0b679fcd

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Citations in the corpus

• Oxidative stress in bone remodeling: role of antioxidants. (2017, background): “Indeed, a controlled increase of ROS level and in particular of H2O2 may have an important role in the transmission of intracellular signaling which regulate many fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, repair processes and inflammation (5, 6).”
• Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death, and its relationships with tumourous diseases (2016, background): “ROS levels that exceed the cell’s anti-oxidation capacity can lead to an oxidative stress response, which directly and indirectly damages large molecular substances such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids [12], leading to cell injury or death.”
• Links between metabolism and cancer. (2012, neutral): “vival and maintenance of genome integrity (Ray et al. 2012).”