Tropospheric tidal effects on the middle and upper atmosphere

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Unexpected connections between the stratosphere and ionosphere (2010, background): “such connections through tidal modes originating from tropospheric heating processes [Hagan et al., 2009] or gravity waves excited by topography, convection or wind shear near Earth’s surface [Vadas, 2007].”
Ionospheric variability due to planetary waves and tides for solar minimum conditions (2010, background): “Recent observations have shown longitudinal variations of F region electron density with wave number 4 [Immel et al., 2006], which is thought to be a signature of the diurnal, eastward propagating wave number 3 nonmigrating tide [Hagan et al., 2009].”
Wave-driven variability in the ionosphere-thermosphere-mesosphere system from TIMED observations: What contributes to the wave 4 ? (2011, background): “However, the available data strongly support the Hagan et al. [2009] results and the conclusions drawn there; that is, SPW4 may contribute to “wave 4” longitudinal variations in F‐region plasma parameters by modulating the E‐region dynamo.”
Tropospheric tides from 80 to 400 km: Propagation, interannual variability, and solar cycle effects (2009, background): “…generation models that in turn provided new insight into the physical mechanisms causing the seasonal variation of the nonmigrating tides [i.e., Du et al., 2007; Akmaev et al., 2008; Achatz et al., 2008] and on tidal momentum transport and transfer into the neutral atmosphere [Hagan et al., 2009].”