Medical error—the third leading cause of death in the US

By M. Makary, Michael Daniel. British medical journal, 2016

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Legal, regulatory, and ethical frameworks for development of standards in artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous robotic surgery (2019, background): “Makary and Daniel (2016) suggest that medical mistakes may be the third leading cause of death in the US.(20) When unintended events occur, human operators can stand trial because they are truly responsible for their actions.”
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in precision and genomic medicine (2021, background): “According to recent studies, about 180 000 to 251 000 individuals die each year in the USA because of medical reports [3].”
Teamwork in Healthcare: Key Discoveries Enabling Safer, High-Quality Care (2018, background): “Academics, policymakers, and the public are increasingly aware of the magnitude of preventable patient harm in U.S. health care, which may exceed 250,000 deaths per year (Makary & Daniel, 2016).”
Artificial intelligence with multi-functional machine learning platform development for better healthcare and precision medicine (2020, background): “Medical error is the third leading cause of death after heart failure and cancer (2).”
Survey on Deep Neural Networks in Speech and Vision Systems (2019, background): “Misdiagnosis or even failure to diagnose early can lead to fatal consequences as misdiagnosis is known as the third most common cause of death in the United States [146].”