Structure of CC Chemokine Receptor 5 with a Potent Chemokine Antagonist Reveals Mechanisms of Chemokine Recognition and Molecular Mimicry by HIV
By Yi Zheng, G. Han, Ruben Abagyan, Beili Wu, Raymond C. Stevens, Vadim Cherezov, Irina Kufareva, Tracy M. Handel. 2017
148 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary CCR5 is the primary chemokine receptor utilized by HIV to infect leukocytes, whereas CCR5 ligands inhibit infection by blocking CCR5 engagement with HIV gp120. To guide the design of improved therapeutics, we solved the structure of CCR5 in complex with chemokine antagonist [5P7]CCL5. Several structural features appeared to contribute to the anti‐HIV potency of [5P7]CCL5, including the distinct chemokine orientation relative to the receptor, the near‐complete occupancy of the receptor binding pocket, the dense network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the similarity of binding determinants with the FDA‐approved HIV inhibitor Maraviroc. Molecular modeling indicated that HIV gp120 mimicked the chemokine interaction with CCR5, providing an explanation for the ability of CCR5 to recognize diverse ligands and gp120 variants. Our findings reveal that structural plasticity facilitates receptor‐chemokine specificity and enables exploitation by HIV, and provide insight into the design of small molecule and protein inhibitors for HIV and other CCR5‐mediated diseases. Graphical Abstract Figure. No Caption available. HighlightsSolved structure of CCR5 complexed to a chemokine inhibitor of HIV to 2.2 ÅConserved but versatile architecture of the complex enables interaction plasticityChemokine shares CCR5 interaction determinants with HIV inhibitor, MaravirocHIV gp120 mimics the architecture of receptor‐chemokine interactions &NA; HIV utilizes chemokine receptors to enter cells whereas chemokines block entry. Zheng et al. solved the structure of a chemokine inhibitor of HIV in complex with the HIV coreceptor, CCR5. Along with principles of receptor‐chemokine recognition, the structure shows how HIV mimics CCR5‐chemokine interactions, and suggests strategies for inhibitor design.
Subfields: Immunology, Oncology, Virology
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- Sampling alternative conformational states of transporters and receptors with AlphaFold2 (2022, background): “We investigated this question using four membrane proteins with two experimentally determined conformations, at least one of which was included in the AF2 training set: the class A GPCR CCR5 (Zheng et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2021), the serotonin transporter SERT (Coleman et al.”