Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct among New York City Police Officers

By Robert Kane, M. D. White. 2009

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Low Self-Control and Police Deviance: Applying Gottfredson and Hirschi’s General Theory to Officer Misconduct (2014, background): “A reviewer noted that citizen complaints are correlated with assignment geography (see, e.g., Fyfe & Kane, 2006).”
Motivations for becoming a police officer: Re-assessing officer attitudes and job satisfaction after six years on the street☆ (2010, background): “More recently, Kappeler et al. (1998) offered an anthropological explanation for police misconduct, suggesting that police are part of an occupational subculture with a working personality and worldview that teaches them to distinguish between insiders and outsiders (us vs.”
Organizational Justice and Police Misconduct (2011, background): “…guide policy, there are still large gaps in our understanding of police misconduct—one of which concerns the largely atheoretical nature of this line of work (Chappell & Piquero, 2004; Hickman, Piquero, Lawton, & Greene, 2001; Kane, 2002; Kane & White, 2009; Lawton, 2007; Pogarsky & Piquero, 2003).”