INTELLECTUAL VERSUS WISDOM-RELATED KNOWLEDGE: THE CASE FOR A DIFFERENT KIND OF LEARNING IN THE LATER YEARS OF LIFE

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Learning and Active Aging (2006, background): “Butler (2002) cites the MacArthur Study on Aging as confirming that engagement in meaningful activities contributes to good health, satisfaction with life, and longevity.”
Are Older Adults Wiser Than College Students? A Comparison of Two Age Cohorts (2010, background): “Yet, the association between wisdom and age might at least be potentially positive, particularly for those people who have the opportunity and motivation to pursue its development and who are willing and able to learn from life experiences ( Ardelt 2000a; Kramer 1990; Moody 1986; Sternberg 2005; Ta”
Self-Reported Wisdom and Happiness: An Empirical Investigation (2011, unknown): “…life qualities, life chances, and life results are optimal (see Table 1), but it might be necessary for greater well-being and happiness if external life qualities are problematic and economic and physical resources are not available or are declining (Ardelt 2000; Clayton 1982; Kekes 1995).”
Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Self-Compassion (2015, background): “The understanding of common humanity is a type of wisdom that increases with age (Ardelt, 2000, 2010).”
Empirical Assessment of a Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (2003, background): “A more detailed discussion of the definition of wisdom and the difference between intelligence, intellectual knowledge, and wisdom can be found in Ardelt (1997, 2000b), Clayton (1982), and Clayton and Birren (1980).”