Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N‐acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients

By C. Bjartmar, G. Kidd, S. Mörk, Richard A. Rudick, B. Trapp. Annals of Neurology, 2000

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Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients (2006, background): “In a cohort of MS patients similar to that investigated here, axonal loss in chronically demyelinated spinal cord lesions averaged 68%.(28) We show here that approximately 50% of the remaining demyelinated axon profiles in chronic lesions of MS have pathological changes that suggest Ca(2) -activated”
Pathogenic Mechanisms Associated With Different Clinical Courses of Multiple Sclerosis (2019, background): “The average axonal loss in focal white matter lesions is in the range of 60% (52, 92, 93).”
The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains (2009, background): “…loss occur in the disease lesions; that the extent of axonal injury correlates with the degree of inflammation (Doinikow, 1915; Ferguson et al., 1997; Kuhlmann et al., 2002; Trapp et al., 1998) and that axonal loss is a major correlate of permanent disability (Charcot, 1880; Bjartmar et al., 2000).”
The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis: genes, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. (2006, background): “The concept that progressive (‘‘slow-burning’’) axonal loss occurring over time in demyelinated lesions is responsible for late chronic disability is supported by histologic studies (Bjartmar et al., 2000; Kornek et al., 2000) and by serial MRI studies revealing accelerated atrophy over time (Lossef”