Growth, reproduction and survival of a tropical sea anemone (Actiniaria): benefits of hosting anemonefish

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Parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism: exploring the many shades of symbioses (2008, background): “Holbrook & Schmitt (2005) found that anemones hosting anemonefish also experienced significantly enhanced growth rate and underwent more frequent asexual reproduction.”
Effects of sheltering fish on growth of their host corals (2008, background): “... magnitude of the eVect was positively related to the biomass of Wsh resident on each coral (Fig. 7). This result is not surprising given the positive relationship between excretion of potential nutrients for the corals and Wsh biomass (e.g., Fig. 2), and it echoes Wndings from earlier studies of”
Symbiotic crabs maintain coral health by clearing sediments (2006, background): “…and shrimp) can provide nutrients to hosts (Meyer and Schultz 1985; Liberman et al. 1995; Spotte 1996; Mokady et al. 1998), aerate corals with their swimming (Goldshmid et al. 2004), and increase growth rates and asexual reproduction of hosts (Schmitt and Holbrook 2003; Holbrook and Schmitt 2005).”