Multi-photon entanglement in high dimensions

By Mehul Malik, Manuel Erhard, Marcus Huber, Mario Krenn, Robert Fickler, Anton Zeilinger. Nature Photonics, 2015

372 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A three-photon entangled state with 3 × 3 × 2 dimensions of its orbital angular momentum is created by using two independent entangled photon pairs from two nonlinear crystals, enabling the development of a new layered quantum communication protocol. Forming the backbone of quantum technologies today, entanglement1,2 has been demonstrated in physical systems as diverse as photons3, ions4 and superconducting circuits5. Although steadily pushing the boundary of the number of particles entangled, these experiments have remained in a two-dimensional space for each particle. Here we show the experimental generation of the first multi-photon entangled state where both the number of particles and dimensions are greater than two. Two photons in our state reside in a three-dimensional space, whereas the third lives in two dimensions. This asymmetric entanglement structure6 only appears in multiparticle entangled states with d > 26. Our method relies on combining two pairs of photons, high-dimensionally entangled in their orbital angular momentum7. In addition, we show how this state enables a new type of ‘layered’ quantum communication protocol. Entangled states such as these serve as a manifestation of the complex dance of correlations that can exist within quantum mechanics.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f60c211af84063b65c0be5b7f76856580b82d7e3

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Citations in the corpus

Orbital Angular Momentum States Enabling Fiber-based High-dimensional Quantum Communication (2018, methodology): “To date, high-dimensional quantum states have been implemented by exploiting position-momentum [25–27] and orbital angular momentum (OAM) [28–30] degrees of freedom, spatial modes”
High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges (2019, background): “Suitable engineering of such photon sources allows the generation of very interesting states as four-dimensional Bell states [117], qutrits Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states [118] or multi-photon entanglement in high dimensions [119].”
Advances in high-dimensional quantum entanglement (2019, background): “[111] Mehul Malik, Manuel Erhard, Marcus Huber, Mario Krenn, Robert Fickler, and Anton Zeilinger, “Multiphoton entanglement in high dimensions,” Nature Photonics 10, 248 (2016).”
Entanglement certification from theory to experiment (2018, methodology): “. . . a b Three-photon, 3D OAM–GHZ state Polarizing beam splitter OAM = –2 hologram 50:50 Beam splitter 50:50 Beam splitter 50:50 Beam splitter Dove prism @ 0° Dove prism @ 90° Trigger Two-photon, 3D OAM-entanglement source Two-photon polarizationentanglement source N-photon polarization-entangled (”
Chip-to-chip quantum teleportation and multi-photon entanglement in silicon (2019, background): “[38] Mehul Malik, Manuel Erhard, Marcus Huber, Mario Krenn, Robert Fickler, and Anton Zeilinger.”
Twisted photons: new quantum perspectives in high dimensions (2017, neutral): “Recently, a first step towards achieving this goal was reported by entangling three particles out of which two were entangled in three dimensions, while the third particle was encoded as a qubit [111].”
Roadmap on structured light (2016, background): “An example, layered quantum communication, was recently discussed in connection to a multipartite entangled experiment using structured photons [186].”