African penguins as predators and prey – coping (or not) with change

By R. Crawford, J.H.M David, Lynne J. Shannon, J. Kemper, N. Klages, J. Roux, L.G Underhill, V. Ward, A. Williams, A. Wolfaardt. 2001

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Collapse of South Africa's penguins in the early 21st century (2011, unknown): “Predation of penguins by Cape fur seals was thought unsustainable at Lambert’s Bay, where seals killed 4% of adults annually (Crawford et al. 2001) and at Dyer Island, where 872 penguins were killed by seals over 12 months in 1995 and 1996 (Marks et al.”
Food, fishing and seabirds in the Benguela upwelling system (2007, background): “Targets will be chosen so as to reduce the risk of the extinction of species (Crawford et al. 2001; Crawford 2004).”