Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease
By M. Tansey, R. Wallings, M. Houser, Mary K. Herrick, C. Keating, V. Joers. Nature reviews. Immunology, 2022
1,138 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of neuroinflammation in its pathophysiology. Neurohistological and neuroimaging studies support the presence of ongoing and end-stage neuroinflammatory processes in PD. Moreover, numerous studies of peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with PD suggest alterations in markers of inflammation and immune cell populations that could initiate or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. A number of disease genes and risk factors have been identified as modulators of immune function in PD and evidence is mounting for a role of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides and alterations in gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that complex gene-by-environment interactions combine with an ageing immune system to create the ‘perfect storm’ that enables the development and progression of PD. We discuss the evidence for this hypothesis and opportunities to harness the emerging immunological knowledge from patients with PD to create better preclinical models with the long-term goal of enabling earlier identification of at-risk individuals to prevent, delay and more effectively treat the disease. This Review from Tansey and colleagues explores how an ageing immune system, host genetics and exposure to various environmental stressors combine to promote the development of Parkinson disease.
Subfields: Neurology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f52248ea066d8a09e5751d366e70195da6c968ca
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Citations in the corpus
- Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development (2023, background): “BCSFB disruption impaired the selectivity of it, leading to increased infiltration of cytokines and leukocytes into the CSF which then activated glial cells in the CNS.144,145 BCSFB acts as a gateway for inflammationresolving leukocyte entry into the CSF during immune responses through the constitut”