THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF HYDROGEL SWELLING: A REVIEW

By F. Ganji, Samira Vasheghani-Farahani, E. Vasheghani-Farahani. 2010

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Polymer-Based Hydrogels Applied in Drug Delivery: An Overview (2023, background): “Polymer-based hydrogels are extraordinary materials composed of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers that possess the remarkable ability to absorb and retain large amounts of water and biological fluids while maintaining their three-dimensional structure [24,25].”
Smart polymers and nanocomposites for 3D and 4D printing (2020, background): “able to absorb a huge amount of water in their network structure due to the void imperfections [112]–[114].”
Crosslinking of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Effect of Crosslinker Shape (Aliphatic and Aromatic) Thereof (2018, background): “49 taken from the literature [42], Vo is the molar volume of the solvent, dr is the density of polymer, Vp is calculated from the volumetric swollen ratio (Q) which is related to the densities of the solvent (do), polymer (dr) and the mass swollen ratio (Qm) [43].”