On the Mechanistic Origins of Toughness in Bone

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The conflicts between strength and toughness. (2011, background): “The origin of the intrinsic (plastic deformation) mechanisms tends to be on the smaller, submicrometre lengthscales, akin to the nanometre scale of dislocation Burgers' vectors in metals, whereas the processes of extrinsic toughening and fracture occur on much coarser lengthscales typically well int”
Biological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs (2012, background): “slip) reduces the density, leading to the formation of nanoscale voids Adapted from [230].”