Coping with the Lionfish Invasion: Can Targeted Removals Yield Beneficial Effects?

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A lionfish (Pterois miles) invasion has begun in the Mediterranean Sea (2016, background): “Targeted removal by divers has reduced lion-fish abundance at shallow depths in the western Atlantic (Frazer et al. 2012; Albins & Hixon 2013).”
Predatory fish invaders: Insights from Indo-Pacific lionfish in the western Atlantic and Caribbean (2013, background): “Frazer et al. (2012) showed that targeted lionfish removals by divers occurring at irregular intervals over 7 months reduced overall numbers as well as the mean size of lionfish on coral reefs in Little Cayman.”
Use of DNA metabarcoding for stomach content analysis in the invasive lionfish Pterois volitans in Puerto Rico (2016, methodology): “…method is widely applied (Albins & Hixon 2008, Morris & Akins 2009, Alexander & Haynes 2011, Jud et al. 2011, Muñoz et al. 2011, Green et al. 2012, Frazer et al. 2012, Layman & Allgeier 2012, Green & Côté 2014), while the more accurate DNA barcoding approach has been less frequently used (Barbour…”
Effectiveness of lionfish removal efforts in the Southern Caribbean (2013, background): “Most strategies aimed at reducing local lionfish abundance involve some form of controlled or managed (spear) fishing by SCUBA divers and snorkelers who target lionfish independently or in organized groups (Frazer et al. 2012).”