Fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces by dislocation-selective chemical etching on aluminum, copper, and zinc substrates.

By Baitai Qian, Ziqiu Shen. Langmuir, 2005

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Recent progress in antireflection and self-cleaning technology – From surface engineering to functional surfaces (2014, background): “Due to the extremely low surface free energy and simple reaction of the silane group with the hydroxyl group, fluoroalkylsilanes are the most commonly used chemicals [236,237].”
Creating micro-scale surface topology to achieve anisotropic wettability on an aluminum surface (2006, background): “Using a Beck’s dislocation etchant (i.e. a mixture of HCl, H2O and HF), Qian and Shen [3] were able to preferentially dissolve dislocation sites in a polycrystalline aluminum sheet, creating a labyrinth of rectangular pits on the surface.”
Polymer Nanocomposites for Multifunctional Finishing of Textiles - a Review (2010, methodology): “These modification methods include solgel deposition of silica nanoparticles modified with fluorinated silane-coupling agents [68], deposition of poly(butilarylate)-modified carbon nanotubes [69], and deposition of gold nanoclusters followed by chemisorptions of ndodecanethiol, self-assembled monola”
Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction (2011, background): “Qian and Shen [173] described a simple surface roughening method by dislocation selective chemical etching on polycrystalline metals such as aluminum.”