Rapid phenotypic changes in passaged articular chondrocyte subpopulations

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Engineering cartilage tissue. (2008, background): “Each distinct zone varies in structure and function, responds to different stimuli, and secretes different proteins [11].”
Repair and tissue engineering techniques for articular cartilage (2014, positive): “28 However, other work shows they can redifferentiate and express chondrocytic markers after being reintroduced into a 3D in vitro culture system.”
Osteochondral tissue engineering: current strategies and challenges. (2013, background): “Further discouraging the use of chondrocytes is the fact that they very easily lose their phenotype during the culture and expansion process (Darling and Athanasiou, 2005; Glowacki et al., 1983; Vondermark et al., 1977).”
Cell-based tissue engineering strategies used in the clinical repair of articular cartilage (2016, background): “These changes occur rapidly within the first passage [133,135,137,138], with one study showing”
The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration (2011, background): “Furthermore, the dedifferentiation of cells after expansion, as well as the possibility of autologous cells already being in either a degenerated state, or in an age related disease state, deem their utility in tissue engineering questionable [107].”