A comparison between Monte Carlo simulations of runaway breakdown and terrestrial gamma‐ray flash observations

By Joseph R. Dwyer, David M. Smith. 2005

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Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Materials Chemistry

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f25e8680b61fb2464e6ff18e299e3b23e32386f0

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Citations in the corpus

First results on terrestrial gamma ray flashes from the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (2010, methodology): “…lightning, or in the fields above the cloud after a lightning discharge [Fishman et al., 1994; Roussel‐Dupré and Gurevich, 1996; Lehtinen et al., 1999; Inan and Lehtinen, 2005; Dwyer and Smith, 2005; Milikh et al., 2005;Williams et al., 2006; Carlson et al., 2007; Babich et al., 2007; Dwyer, 2008].”
A closer examination of terrestrial gamma‐ray flash‐related lightning processes (2010, background): “Recent studies based on RHESSI measurements suggested that the sources were likely to be at 15–21 km [ Dwyer and Smith, 2005; Carlson et al., 2007; Hazelton et al., 2009], a few kilometers higher than we observed.”
High-Energy Atmospheric Physics: Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes and Related Phenomena (2012, methodology): “This method was used with the RHESSI TGF data to infer the source altitude of TGFs, as will be discussed below (Dwyer and Smith 2005).”
Source mechanisms of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (2008, methodology): “On the other hand, relativistic runaway electron avalanches produce a unique energy spectrum, nearly independent of the ambient conditions occurring in the source region such as the gas density, electric field strength or the details of the seed population [Dwyer, 2004; Dwyer and Smith, 2005 ].”
25 Years of Self-Organized Criticality: Solar and Astrophysics (2014, background): “They have been associated with strong thunderstorms mostly concentrated in the Earth’s equatorial and tropical regions, at a typical height of 15-20 km (Fishman et al. 1994; Dwyer and Smith 2005; Smith et al. 2005).”
Lightning mapping observation of a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (2010, background): “[3] Although originally thought to be high altitude (30– 50 km) processes driven by positive cloud‐to‐ground (CG) strokes transferring positive charge to ground [Fishman et al., 1994; Inan et al., 1996], detailed lightning measurements [Stanley et al., 2006; Shao et al., 2010] and spectral analyses ”