Measuring National Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Tourism as a Key Step Towards Achieving Sustainable Tourism

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Estimating the carbon footprint of Australian tourism (2010, background): “The tourism sector ranked fifth largest for the total amount of energy used and CO2 emissions released within New Zealand, when internal energy use was considered.”
The relationship between tourism, CO2 emissions and economic growth: a case of Mediterranean countries (2019, background): “Also, Becken and Patterson (2006) found out that tourism activities lead to CO2 emissions.”
Asymmetric impact of oil prices, exchange rate, and inflation on tourism demand in Pakistan: new evidence from nonlinear ARDL (2018, background): “Becken and Patterson (2006) suggested that two methods (i.e. bottom-up and top-down analysis) to deal with CO2 emissions resulted from tourism activities.”
The Effects of Tourism on Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions: A Comparison between Developed and Developing Economies (2017, methodology): “Becken and Patterson (2006) measure the national CO 2 emissions from tourism industry in New Zealand in 2000 by using two approaches: a bottom-up and a top-down analysis.”