Dangerous Liaisons?: When Cultivated Plants Mate with Their Wild Relatives

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Escape and establishment of transgenic glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass Agrostis stolonifera in Oregon, USA: a 4-year study. (2008, background): “Gene flow from genetically engineered (GE) crops has been raised as a major concern when considering the deregulation of new genetic engineering events in general (Giddings 2000; Ellstrand 2001, 2003a, 2003b; Andow & Zwahlen 2006).”
Introgression of crop alleles into wild or weedy populations (2013, background): “Both books (Andersson & de Vicente 2010, Ellstrand 2003) mention introgression when they found supporting data.”
Ecological Effects of Transgenic Crops and the Escape of Transgenes into Wild Populations (2004, background): “In fact, hybridization with wild relatives has been documented for 22 of the 25 most important crop species (by worldwide area planted) (Ellstrand 2003, and see Eastham & Sweet 2002), and it is likely that crop genes have introgressed into these wild populations.”
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT STATUS AND RECOMMENDATIONS1 (2005, background): “In the USA, for example, these include rice, squash, oilseed rape, sunflower, sorghum, wheat, sugar beet, strawberry, radish, lettuce, poplar, and many grasses and horticultural plants (NRC 2000b, Ellstrand 2003).”
The Genetics and Genomics of Plant Domestication (2017, background): “Also, domesticated species frequently hybridize with their wild relatives (Ellstrand 2003).”