Selection, Drift, and the “Forces” of Evolution*

By Christopher L. Stephens. Philosophia Scientiæ, 2004

115 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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Natural Selection as a Population-Level Causal Process (2006, background): “First, as Stephens ([2004]) has argued, these authors conflate the concept of ‘force’ with the concept of ‘cause.”
Manipulation and the Causes of Evolution (2005, background): “Stephens (2004) responds to recent criticism of the force analogy. in the system.”