Chandra Observations of NGC 4636—an Elliptical Galaxy in Turmoil
By C. Jones, W. Forman, A. Vikhlinin, M. Markevitch, L. David, A. Warmflash, S. Murray, P. Nulsen. 2001
141 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Chandra images show symmetric, 8 kpc long, armlike features in the X-ray halo surrounding NGC 4636. The leading edges of these features are sharp and are accompanied by temperature increases of ~30%. These properties suggest that the armlike structures are produced by shocks, driven by symmetric off-center outbursts. We interpret these observations as part of a cycle in which the cooling gas originally fueled a nuclear outburst about 3 × 106 yr ago that led to shocks reheating the cooling gas and thus preventing the accumulation of significant amounts of cooled gas in the galaxy center and temporarily starving the central active galactic nucleus.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f097deae00ea54cde72bfbd33aa766599364b98a
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Citations in the corpus
- AGN heating and ICM cooling in the HIFLUGCS sample of galaxy clusters (2008, background): “The AGN-blown cavities transfer heat to the ICM potentially by generating sound and weak shock waves (Jones et al. 2002; Fabian et al. 2003; Mathews et al. 2006), by doing pdV work against the ambient medium and dissipation of cavity enthalpy in the wake of buoyantly rising cavities (e.g.…”
- CAUSE AND EFFECT OF FEEDBACK: MULTIPHASE GAS IN CLUSTER CORES HEATED BY AGN JETS (2011, background): “…evidence for the interaction of jets/outflows from the supermassive black holes with the surrounding ICM (Böhringer et al. 1993; Blanton et al. 2001; Finoguenov & Jones 2001; Jones et al. 2002; Rafferty et al. 2006; McNamara & Nulsen 2007; Finoguenov et al. 2008; Rafferty et al. 2008).”
- Heating Hot Atmospheres with Active Galactic Nuclei (2007, background): “Jones et al. (2002) reported gas features near NGC 4636 consistent with a Mach 1.7 shock.”
- Hot Gas In and Around Elliptical Galaxies (2003, background): “In fact the Chandra X-ray image of NGC 4636 shows that the hot gas is strongly agitated for r <∼ Re (Jones et al. 2002), consistent with a breakdown in hydrostatic equilibrium.”
- Mechanical AGN feedback: controlling the thermodynamical evolution of elliptical galaxies (2012, result): “This structure is similar to that observed in NGC 4636, a massive elliptical galaxy in the outskirts of the Virgo cluster (Jones et al. 2002; Baldi et al. 2009).”
- Radiative Feedback from Massive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies: AGN Flaring and Central Starburst Fueled by Recycled Gas (2007, background): “For example, Chandra revealed two symmetric armlike features across the center of NGC 4636 (Jones et al. 2002; O’Sullivan et al. 2005), accompanied by a temperature increase with respect to the surrounding hot ISM; they were related to shock heating of the ISM, caused by a recent nuclear outburst.”
- X-Ray Emission from the Hot Interstellar Medium and Southwest Radio Lobe of the Nearby Radio Galaxy Centaurus A (2003, background): “Recent Chandra observations of the environments of several radio galaxies, notably NGC 4636 (Jones et al. 2002), M84 (Finoguenov & Jones 2001), Hydra A (McNamara et al. 2000; David et al. 2001), Perseus A (Fabian et al. 2000), 3C 317 (Blanton et al. 2001b), and M87 (Churazov et al. 2001), have…”
- Adaptive binning of X‐ray data with weighted Voronoi tessellations (2005, methodology): “To demonstrate this capability, we adaptively bin the 46 ks Chandra observation of NGC 4636 (Jones et al. 2002) to 900 counts per bin.”
- THE HERSCHEL REFERENCE SURVEY: DUST IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES AND ACROSS THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE (2011, background): “The origin of this morphology is thought to be recent outbursts from the central AGN (Jones et al. 2002).”