Spitzer Observations of NGC 1333: A Study of Structure and Evolution in a Nearby Embedded Cluster

By R. Gutermuth, P. Myers, S. T. Megeath, L. Allen, J. Pipher, J. Muzerolle, Alicia Porras, E. Winston, G. Fazio. 2007

344 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a comprehensive analysis of structure in the young, embedded cluster, NGC 1333 using members identified with Spitzer and 2MASS photometry based on their IR-excess emission. A total of 137 members are identified in this way, composed of 39 protostars and 98 more evolved pre-main-sequence stars with disks. Of the latter class, four are transition/debris disk candidates. The fraction of exposed pre-main-sequence stars with disks is 83% ± 11% , showing that there is a measurable diskless pre-main-sequence population. The sources in each of the Class I and II evolutionary states are shown to have very different spatial distributions relative to the distribution of the dense gas in their natal cloud. However, the distribution of nearest neighbor spacings among these two groups of sources are found to be quite similar, with a strong peak at spacings of 0.045 pc. Radial and azimuthal density profiles and surface density maps computed from the identified YSOs show that NGC 1333 is elongated and not strongly centrally concentrated, confirming previous claims in the literature. We interpret these new results as signs of a low velocity dispersion, extremely young cluster that is not in virial equilibrium.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Spectroscopy

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f06e0ce9de0770cccb3a45d75675050bf6537193

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. K. Luhman
2. P. Myers
3. L. Hartmann
4. N. Evans II
5. L. Allen
6. R. Gutermuth
7. L. Hillenbrand
8. N. Calvet

In Spectroscopy

1. K. Luhman
2. P. Myers
3. L. Hartmann
4. L. Allen
5. N. Evans II
6. R. Gutermuth
7. L. Hillenbrand
8. J. Muzerolle

Citations in the corpus

• THE TAURUS SPITZER SURVEY: NEW CANDIDATE TAURUS MEMBERS SELECTED USING SENSITIVE MID-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY (2009, methodology): “Gutermuth et al. (2008), in their Section 4.1 and Appendix, describe a multi-step weeding process.”
• THE VLA NASCENT DISK AND MULTIPLICITY SURVEY OF PERSEUS PROTOSTARS (VANDAM). II. MULTIPLICITY OF PROTOSTARS IN THE PERSEUS MOLECULAR CLOUD (2016, background): “It is particularly interesting that this source is found to be a ∼440 au binary (Figure 1), given that it is also found to have an apparent S-shaped outflow in the Spitzer image of the region (Gutermuth et al. 2008).”
• The spatial distribution of star formation in the solar neighbourhood: do all stars form in dense clusters? (2010, methodology): “Spitzer is not completely free of contamination when identifying YSOs, i.e. AGBs/Be stars (Cieza et al. 2010; Robitaille et al. 2008) and galaxies (Gutermuth et al. 2008; Evans et al. 2009).”
• The relation between the most-massive star and its parental star cluster mass (2009, neutral): “…(2003), 11: Wilking et al. (1989); Larson (2003); Wilking et al. (2008), 12: Neuhäuser & Forbrich (2008), 13: Aspin (2003); Getman et al. (2002); Gutermuth et al. (2008), 14: Smith et al. (1985); Rodney & Reipurth (2008), 15: Sherry et al. (2004); Bouy et al. (2009), 16: Sellgren (1983); Lada…”
• Protoplanetary Disks and Their Evolution (2011, background): “Very young embedded clusters (age ≤ 1Myr) such as Serpens and NGC 1333 show disk fractions of the order of 70 to 80% (Gutermuth et al. 2008, Winston et al. 2007).”
• Clustered and Triggered Star Formation in W5: Observations with Spitzer (2008, methodology): “Clustergrinder incorporates all necessary image treatment steps, for example, saturated pixel processing and distortion corrections (see Gutermuth et al. 2008, for a more complete description of the processing performed).”
• A CATALOG OF EXTENDED GREEN OBJECTS IN THE GLIMPSE SURVEY: A NEW SAMPLE OF MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT OUTFLOW CANDIDATES (2008, background): “2 MJy sr−1, and the majority of the diffuse green emission in NGC1333 (Gutermuth et al. 2008) has 4.5 µm surface brightness of .”
• THE DISK POPULATION OF THE TAURUS STAR-FORMING REGION (2009, methodology): “The IRAC images produced by the SSC pipeline were combined into mosaics using R. Gutermuth’s WCSmosaic IDL package (Gutermuth et al. 2008).”
• A CORRELATION BETWEEN SURFACE DENSITIES OF YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AND GAS IN EIGHT NEARBY MOLECULAR CLOUDS (2011, methodology): “Numerous surveys of nearby star formation regions have been performed using Spitzer (e.g. Gutermuth et al. 2004; Megeath et al. 2004; Jørgensen et al. 2006; Harvey et al. 2007; Allen et al. 2007).”
• WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER OBSERVATIONS OF THE EVOLUTION OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS (2012, methodology): “We have developed a scheme using WISE photometry to identify young stars from their mid-IR colors and magnitudes, in the same way as has been performed in studies using Spitzer photometry (for example, Gutermuth et al. 2008).”
• ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE UPPER SCORPIUS OB ASSOCIATION (2016, background): “…Carpenter et al. 2006; Lada et al. 2006; Sicilia-Aguilar et al. 2006; Balog et al. 2007; Barrado y Navascués et al. 2007; Cieza & Baliber 2007; Dahm & Hillenbrand 2007; Hernández et al. 2007a,b; Flaherty & Muzerolle 2008; Gutermuth et al. 2008; Hernández et al. 2008; Luhman & Mamajek 2012).”
• A SPITZER SURVEY OF YOUNG STELLAR CLUSTERS WITHIN ONE KILOPARSEC OF THE SUN: CLUSTER CORE EXTRACTION AND BASIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (2009, methodology): “Finally, we present a revised version of the YSO classification scheme of Gutermuth et al. (2008b) in Appendix A, and some additional detail regarding our chosen cluster area geometries and their derived quantities in Appendix B.”
• FILAMENTARY STRUCTURE OF STAR-FORMING COMPLEXES (2009, methodology): “In NGC1333, dust emission images at 0.85 mm (Gutermuth et al 2008c) and 1.2 mm (Enoch et al 2006) each show large-scale radiating filaments as in the optical image in Figure 7.”
• THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE SURVEY OF THE ORION A AND B MOLECULAR CLOUDS. I. A CENSUS OF DUSTY YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS AND A STUDY OF THEIR MID-INFRARED VARIABILITY (2012, background): “…with infrared excesses from dusty disks and envelopes is now well established in the literature (e.g., Allen et al. 2004, 2007; Megeath et al. 2004; Gutermuth et al. 2004, 2008; Muzerolle et al. 2004; Whitney et al. 2004; Hartmann et al. 2005; Winston et al. 2007; Muench et al. 2007; Robitaille et…”