Interplanetary shock triggering of nightside geomagnetic activity: Substorms, pseudobreakups, and quiescent events

By Xiaoyan Zhou, B. Tsurutani. 2001

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Space Weather: Terrestrial Perspective (2007, background): “The ram pressure pulse associated with the shock compresses the dayside magnetopause, and the compression effects travel tailward at the solar wind speed causing strong auroral activity observable almost instantaneously all around the auroral oval (Zhou and Tsurutani, 2001).”
Substorm onset observations by IMAGE-FUV (2004, background): “They allowed for studies related to an external or internal triggering of the substorm onset [see, e.g., Lyons, 1996; Zhou and Tsurutani, 2001; Hsu and McPherron, 2003].”
A 21st Century View of the March 1989 Magnetic Storm (2019, background): “Many studies have shown that interplanetary shocks, identified either by the SSC produced or from in situ measurements, can trigger substorms (Yue et al., 2010; Zhou & Tsurutani, 2001).”
Global dayside ionospheric uplift and enhancement associated with interplanetary electric fields (2004, unknown): “This is noted in the increase in AE to� 3000 nT. Zhou and Tsurutani [2001] and Tsurutani and Zhou [2003] have reported shock triggering of substorms and suggested that the onsets may be due to the shock ram compression effects or by the sudden onsets of large dawn-to-dusk cross-tail electric field”