Passively Evolving Early-Type Galaxies at 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 2.5 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

By E. Daddi, A. Renzini, N. Pirzkal, A. Cimatti, S. Malhotra, M. Stiavelli, Chun Xu, A. Pasquali, J. Rhoads, M. Brusa and 6 more. 2005

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We report on a complete sample of seven luminous early-type galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) with spectroscopic redshifts between 1.39 and 2.47, and to KAB < 23. Using the BzK selection criterion, we have preselected a set of objects over the UDF, which fulfill the photometric conditions for being passively evolving galaxies at z > 1.4. Low-resolution spectra of these objects have been extracted from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ACS grism data taken over the UDF by the Grism ACS Program for Extragalactic Science (GRAPES) project. Redshifts for the seven galaxies have been identified based on the UV feature at rest frame 2640 < λ < 2850 Å. This feature is mainly due to a combination of Fe II, Mg I, and Mg II absorptions, which are characteristic of stellar populations dominated by stars older than ~0.5 Gyr. The redshift identification and the passively evolving nature of these galaxies is further supported by the photometric redshifts and by the overall spectral energy distribution (SED), with the ultradeep HST ACS NICMOS imaging revealing compact morphologies typical of elliptical/early-type galaxies. From the SED we derive stellar masses of ≳1011 M☉ and ages of ~1 Gyr. Their space density at ⟨z⟩ = 1.7 appears to be roughly a factor of 2-3 smaller than that of their local counterparts, further supporting the notion that such massive and old galaxies are already ubiquitous at early cosmic times. Much smaller effective radii are derived for some of the objects, compared to local massive ellipticals, which may be due to morphological K-corrections, evolution, or the presence of a central pointlike source. Nuclear activity is indeed present in a subset of the galaxies, as revealed by the fact that they are hard X-ray sources, which suggests that active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity may have played a role in discontinuing star formation.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

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In Astronomy and Astrophysics

1. P. Hopkins
2. L. Hernquist
3. R. Dav'e
4. R. Somerville
5. P. V. van Dokkum
6. C. Conroy
7. A. Dekel
8. Volker Springel

In Instrumentation

1. P. Hopkins
2. L. Hernquist
3. P. V. van Dokkum
4. C. Conroy
5. R. Dav'e
6. A. Dekel
7. M. Cappellari
8. R. Somerville

Citations in the corpus

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• Size Evolution of the Most Massive Galaxies at 1.7 < z < 3 from GOODS NICMOS Survey Imaging (2008, background): “…the most exciting discoveries in extragalactic astronomy in the last few years is that massive (M ≥ 1011M⊙) galaxies at z > 1 were extremely compact (Daddi et al. 2005; Trujillo et al. 2006b, 2007; Longhetti et al. 2007), particularly those with the lowest estimated star formation rates (Zirm et…”
• THE 3D-HST SURVEY: HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE WFC3/G141 GRISM SPECTRA, REDSHIFTS, AND EMISSION LINE MEASUREMENTS FOR ∼100,000 GALAXIES (2015, background): “G A ] 2 9 O ct 2 01 ACS G800L data of GRAPES led to the spectroscopic identification of passively evolving galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (Daddi et al. 2005).”
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