Fear in animals: a meta-analysis and review of risk assessment

By Theodore Stankowich, Daniel T. Blumstein. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences, 2005

996 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global and Planetary Change, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ee4d06c6be147273ffaa67e26124a828c39a4985

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Citations in the corpus

Prying into the intimate details of animal lives: use of a daily diary on animals (2008, background): “…as these animals are more frequently subject to conflicts with humans (Woodroffe et al. 2005, Sillero-Zubiri et al. 2007), and therefore sensitive to the proximity of people, including researchers, which may impede or preclude other methods of behavioural analysis (Stankowich & Blumstein 2005).”
Stress, corticosterone responses and avian personalities (2007, background): “The degree of fear experienced by a bird in a particular situation can potentially be assessed from behavioural observations, such as measuring the distance to which a bird can be approached before it flees (flight initiation distance; Stankowich and Blumstein 2005).”
Antipredator strategies of house finches: are urban habitats safe spots from predators even when humans are around? (2009, background): “Flight initiation distance is a good indicator of fearfulness (Stankowich and Blumstein 2005), but it may also vary with the degree of habituation at the individual and population levels (e.g., Fernández-Juricic et al. 2001).”
Coyotes and recolonizing wolves: social rank mediates risk-conditional behaviour at ungulate carcasses (2008, background): “These divergent risk-sensitive behaviours might reflect discrepant levels of fearfulness (Stankowich & Blumstein 2005) influenced by experience with an aggressor (i.e. knowledge of the attack behaviour), and/or by characteristics of interacting agents (e.g. differences in group size or social…”
A review of flight-initiation distances and their application to managing disturbance to Australian birds (2012, positive): “The distance at which a behavioural escape response occurs is known as Flight Initiation Distance (FID) (Stankowich and Blumstein 2005), a concept apparently first described by Hediger (1934) .”
Predator‐induced stress and the ecology of fear (2013, background): “Many authors have begun referring to the ‘ecology of fear’ (Brown, Laundré & Gurung 1999), ‘degree of “fear”’ (Stankowich & Blumstein 2005), or ‘cost of fear’ (Martin 2011), when describing predator-induced physiological, behavioural and demographic changes in prey, such as we have been discussing.”
Semantic communication in birds: evidence from field research over the past two decades (2016, background): “In addition, the risk posed by a single type of predator may also vary with its behavior and distance (Lima 2002; Stankowich and Blumstein 2005; Brilot et al. 2012).”
Rural-Urban Differences in Escape Behavior of European Birds across a Latitudinal Gradient (2017, background): “We find this possible, but not likely because of the effect sizes we identified and because of the relationship between predation and FID that we (and others) reported elsewhere (Stankowich and Blumstein, 2005; Díaz et al., 2013; Cooper and Blumstein, 2015; Samia et al., 2015c).”
Behavioral consequences of plant invasion: an invasive plant alters rodent antipredator behavior (2010, background): “…consequences for preysurvival, prey population dynamics, and the stability of predator–prey interactions (Werner and Peacor 2003; Caro 2005; Preisser et al. 2005; Stankowich and Blumstein 2005), and it may also play an important role in biological invasions (Strauss et al. 2006; Sih et al., 2010).”
The cognition of ‘nuisance’ species (2019, background): “For example, there are consistent reports of avian species exhibiting greater flight-initiation distances to humans during hunting seasons than during other times of year (Stankowich & Blumstein, 2005).”
What is the magnitude of the group-size effect on vigilance? (2008, background): “Similarly, the effect size for the relationship between escape distance and predator factors such as speed varied in absolute values between 0.3 and 0.7 (Stankowich and Blumstein 2005).”
Reactive responses of zebras to lion encounters shape their predator–prey space game at large scale (2016, background): “…that the choice between these two immediate responses is based on a decision-making process involving a cost–benefit analysis weighting the estimation of the risk of being attacked and killed against the estimation of the future foraging gains (Stankowich and Blumstein 2005, © 2015 The Authors.”