Increased risk of tumor seeding after percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma

By J. Llovet, R. Vilana, C. Bru, L. Bianchi, J. Salmerón, L. Boix, Sergi Ganau, M. Sala, M. Pagés, C. Ayuso and 3 more. Hepatology, 2001

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EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2012, background): “In addition, HCC tumors in a subcapsular location or adjacent to the gallbladder have a higher risk of incomplete ablation [275] or major complications [268,276,277].”
EASL-EORTC clinical practice guidelines: management of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2012, background): “In addition, HCC tumors in a subcapsular location or adjacent to the gallbladder have a higher risk of incomplete ablation [275] or major complications [268,276,277].”
Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (2005, neutral): “For example while tumor seeding is infrequent after PEI, treatment of subcapsular HCC by RF may induce peritoneal dissemination [17] and thus, RF should be avoided in these tumors.”
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (2005, background): “%) reported by Llovet et al.31 The high incidence of seeding was likely to be related directly to the finding that tract cauterization was not performed.23 Another possible reason is the tumor biopsy we performed in most of the patients to obtain the pathologic confirmation.32 The overall tumor recu”