The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000?

By P. Greenberg, Ronald C. Kessler, H. Birnbaum, S. Leong, Sarah W. Lowe, P. Berglund, P. Corey-Lisle. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2003

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What Predicts Positive Life Events that Influence the Course of Depression? A Longitudinal Examination of Gratitude and Meaning in Life (2017, background): “On average, individuals with depression are impaired nearly 30 % of their time in specific life roles (e.g., job) leading to less work productivity and a loss of human capital estimated between $44.0 and $51.5 billion (Alonso et al. 2010; Greenberg et al. 2003; Stewart et al. 2003).”
From Stress to Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder: A Social Signal Transduction Theory of Depression (2014, background): “These features contribute to substantial social and economic burden (Greenberg et al., 2003; Vos et al., 2004).”
The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. (2006, background): “A number of studies, for example, have documented high societal costs of anxiety (58,59), mood (60,61), and substance (62,63) disorder, but these all ignored the role of comorbid ADHD.”
Model organisms: The ascent of mouse: advances in modelling human depression and anxiety (2005, neutral): “2% in the adult population of the United States, with a financial burden of USd80 billion per yea”
Prevalence and clinical course of depression: a review. (2011, background): “Thirty-one percent (31%) related to direct medical costs, 7% related to mortality costs, and 62% to workplace costs (Greenberg et al., 2003).”