The evolution of the stratopause during the 2006 major warming: Satellite data and assimilated meteorological analyses

By Gloria L. Manney, K. Krüger, Steven Pawson, K. Minschwaner, M. Schwartz, W. Daffer, N. Livesey, M. Mlynczak, E. Remsberg, J. Russell and 1 more. 2008

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The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). (2017, background): “In a comprehensive study of this winter based onMLS observations,Manney et al. (2008) documented the disappearance of the warm polar stratopause during the warming and its later high-altitude reformation and subsequent descent.”
Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (2020, background): “The stratopause often reforms at high altitudes ( ∼ 70-80 km) after SSW events, fol-818 lowed by a gradual descent to its climatological altitude of ∼ 50–55 km over the ensu-819 ing 2-3 weeks (Manney et al., 2008; Siskind et al., 2010).”
Defining Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (2015, background): “…| Downloaded 04/28/21 03:38 AM UTC et al. 2012), equatorial tropospheric convective activity (e.g., Kodera 2006), polar tropospheric clouds (Kohma and Sato 2014), and mesospheric dynamics and the breakdown and reformation of the stratopause (e.g., Siskind et al. 2007; Manney et al. 2008).”
Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations of dynamics and transport during the record‐breaking 2009 Arctic stratospheric major warming (2009, background): “…waves generated above a ridge in mid-January 2006 led to a breakdown of the stratospheric vortex [ Coy et al. , 2009], with criteria for a major SSW (10 hPa zonal mean winds and temperature gradient reversal poleward of 60 N) ful-ﬁlled on 21 January [e.g., Manney et al. , 2008b, hereinafter M08].”