Experimental Designs in Sociological Research.

By O. Kempthorne, F. Chapin. 1949

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FLAME: A Fast Large-scale Almost Matching Exactly Approach to Causal Inference (2017, background): “gned to treatment independently of their potential outcomes. A natural approach to observational studies is matching treated and control units such that underlying background covariates are balanced (Chapin, 1947; Greenwood, 1945). If we can match units exactly (or almost exactly) on raw covariate v”
Matched Sampling for Causal Effects: Matching to Remove Bias in Observational Studies (1973, unknown): “Usually matched samples are "individually" (Greenwood [1945]), "precision" (Chapin [1947]), or "pair" (Cochran [1953]) matched, subject by subject.”
Full Matching in an Observational Study of Coaching for the SAT (2004, methodology): “Adjusting by matching or stratification for more than a few variables seemed hopeless: In one widely cited case, Chapin (1947) started with 671 treated subjects and 523 controls but found only 23 treated– control pairs matching exactly on six categorical covariates.”
Matching methods for causal inference: A review and a look forward (2010, methodology): “For example, Chapin (1947) finds that with initial pools of 671 treated and 523 controls there are only 23 pairs that match exactly on six categorical covariates.”