Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics

By V. Shubayev, T. R. Pisanic, S. Jin. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2009

981 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a cutting-edge tool in medicine because they can be simultaneously functionalized and guided by a magnetic field. Use of MNPs has advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), guided drug and gene delivery, magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy, tissue engineering, cell tracking and bioseparation. Integrative therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e., theragnostic) applications have emerged with MNP use, such as MRI-guided cell replacement therapy or MRI-based imaging of cancer-specific gene delivery. However, mounting evidence suggests that certain properties of nanoparticles (e.g., enhanced reactive area, ability to cross cell and tissue barriers, resistance to biodegradation) amplify their cytotoxic potential relative to molecular or bulk counterparts. Oxidative stress, a 3-tier paradigm of nanotoxicity, manifests in activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (tier I), followed by a pro-inflammatory response (tier II) and DNA damage leading to cellular apoptosis and mutagenesis (tier III). In vivo administered MNPs are quickly challenged by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), resulting in not only neutralization of potential MNP toxicity but also reduced circulation time necessary for MNP efficacy. We discuss the role of MNP size, composition and surface chemistry in their intracellular uptake, biodistribution, macrophage recognition and cytotoxicity, and review current studies on MNP toxicity, caveats of nanotoxicity assessments and engineering strategies to optimize MNPs for biomedical use.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Materials Chemistry, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ed19eb43d605f85a815c9ea9f8fb9c48ea55c5d7

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In Biomaterials

1. S. Laurent
2. M. Mahmoudi

In Materials Chemistry

1. S. Sant
2. S. Laurent
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In Molecular Biology

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Citations in the corpus

• Inorganic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy (2010, neutral): “Reprinted with permission from Ref (54), Shubayev VI, Pisanic 2 TR, Jin S.”
• Assessment of the Evolution of Cancer Treatment Therapies (2011, background): “Despite the increasing number of newly developed nanoparticles designed for hyperthermia applications, the number of studies addressing their toxicity is low [98].”
• Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surface modification and applications in chemotherapy. (2011, background): “Similarly, drugloaded SPIONs can be guided to the desired target area using an externalmagnetic field while simultaneously tracking the biodistribution of the particles [22].”
• Potential toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) (2010, background): “phage toxicity resultant to SPION uptake (85).”
• Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems (2012, background): “Magnetic nanoparticles can be quickly opsonized by plasma proteins, recognized and subsequently removed from the bloodstream by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system [138].”