The ABI1 and ABI2 protein phosphatases 2C act in a negative feedback regulatory loop of the abscisic acid signalling pathway.

By S. Merlot, F. Gosti, D. Guerrier, Alain Vavasseur, J. Giraudat. The Plant Journal, 2001

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The Arabidopsis ABI1 and ABI2 genes encode two protein serine/threonine phosphatases 2C (PP2C). These genes have been originally identified by the dominant mutations abi1--1 and abi2--1, which reduce the plant's responsiveness to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, recessive mutants of ABI1 were recently shown to be supersensitive to ABA, which demonstrated that the ABI1 phosphatase is a negative regulator of ABA signalling. We report here the isolation and characterisation of the first reduction-of-function allele of ABI2, abi2--1R1. The in vitro phosphatase activity of the abi2--1R1 protein is approximately 100-fold lower than that of the wild-type ABI2 protein. Abi2--1R1 plants displayed a wild-type ABA sensitivity. However, doubly mutant plants combining the abi2--1R1 allele and a loss-of-function allele at the ABI1 locus were more responsive to ABA than each of the parental single mutants. These data indicate that the wild-type ABI2 phosphatase is a negative regulator of ABA signalling, and that the ABI1 and ABI2 phosphatases have overlapping roles in controlling ABA action. Measurements of PP2C activity in plant extracts showed that the phosphatase activity of ABI1 and ABI2 increases in response to ABA. These results suggest that ABI1 and ABI2 act in a negative feedback regulatory loop of the ABA signalling pathway.

Subfields: Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec67091b571eb2f7bf560fc1ae3eaf845d0d20c7

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Arabidopsis OST1 Protein Kinase Mediates the Regulation of Stomatal Aperture by Abscisic Acid and Acts Upstream of Reactive Oxygen Species Production Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.007906. (2002, background): “However, characterization of loss-of-function mutant alleles (Gosti et al., 1999; Merlot et al., 2001) and overexpression studies (Sheen, 1998) support the notion that the wild-type ABI1 and ABI2 phosphatases are negative regulators of ABA signaling.”
Comprehending crystalline β-carotene accumulation by comparing engineered cell models and the natural carotenoid-rich system of citrus (2011, neutral): “Interestingly, graminaceous plants such as rice can take up Fe 2+ by OsIRT1 and OsIRT2 even without inducible 3+ resistance-associated macrophage protein) gene family encodes integral membrane proteins that transport a broad range of metal ions including Fe.”
Transgenic Plants for Abiotic Stress Resistance (2010, background): “For example, the ABI1 and AB12 proteins from Arabidopsis have been shown to act in a negative regulatory feedback loop of the ABA signaling pathway (Merlot et al. 2001).”
Abscisic Acid Signaling in Seeds and Seedlings Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010441. (2002, background): “, 1998) and inactivates ABA responses (Gosti et al., 1999; Merlot et al., 2001), the activation also may be a feedback mechanism for ABA desensitization.”
Recent Advances in Photosynthesis Under Drought and Salinity (2011, background): “…inhibitors of group A type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2C), such as ABI1 (ABA INSENSITIVE 1) ABI2, HAB1 (HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA 1), and HAB2, which are known to negatively regulate the ABA signalling at an early step in the pathway (Merlot et al., 2001; Moes et al., 2008; Saez et al., 2006).”
Hydrogen peroxide functions as a stress signal in plants (2005, background): “The abi1 mutation has been shown to diminish cold-inducible gene expression, affecting the development of cold-induced freezing tolerance in abi1-knockout Arabidopsis (Leung et al., 1994; Meyer et al., 1994; Gosti et al., 1999; Merlot et al., 2001).”
ABA signal transduction at the crossroad of biotic and abiotic stress responses. (2012, background): “While each mutant displays detectable ABA hypersensitivity, some double mutants show a more profound hypersensitive phenotype to ABA as compared with single mutants (Merlot et al. 2001; Rubio et al. 2009).”
Activity of guard cell anion channel SLAC1 is controlled by drought-stress signaling kinase-phosphatase pair (2009, background): “Merlot S, Gosti F, Guerrier D, Vavasseur A, Giraudat J (2001) The ABI1 and ABI2 protein phosphatases 2C act in a negative feedback regulatory loop of the abscisic acid signalling pathway.”
Antagonistic Interaction between Abscisic Acid and Jasmonate-Ethylene Signaling Pathways Modulates Defense Gene Expression and Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis (2004, background): “The ABI1 and ABI2 genes encoding homologous Ser/Thr protein phosphatases 2C act in a negative regulatory loop of the ABA signaling pathway (Merlot et al., 2001).”
Transcription factors in plants and ABA dependent and independent abiotic stress signalling (2010, background): “These post-translational modifications may require cofactors, which are dependent on ABA-regulated molecules such as ABI1, ABI2, Ca2+ dependent protein kinases, or other ABAresponsive regulatory factors (Leung et al. 1997, Finkelstein and Lynch 2000, Merlot et al. 2001).”
The role of ABA and MAPK signaling pathways in plant abiotic stress responses. (2014, background): “…loss-of-function and knockout mutants in ABI1, ABI2 and HAB1 are hypersensitive to ABA, providing further proof that PP2Cs are major negative regulators of ABA signaling in plants (Gosti et al., 1999; Hirayama and Shinozaki, 2007; Leonhardt et al., 2004; Merlot et al., 2001; Saez et al., 2004).”
The Arabidopsis LOS5/ABA3 Locus Encodes a Molybdenum Cofactor Sulfurase and Modulates Cold Stress– and Osmotic Stress–Responsive Gene Expression (2001, background): “…DREB2A or the functions of its cofactors may be dependent on ABA-regulated molecules such as ABI1, ABI2, Ca2 - dependent protein kinases, or numerous other ABA-responsive regulatory factors (Leung et al., 1997; Leung and Giraudat, 1998; Finkelstein and Lynch, 2000; Rock, 2000; Merlot et al., 2001).”