CHLORIDE-INDUCED CORROSION ON REINFORCING STEEL: FROM THE FUNDAMENTALS TO THE MONITORING TECHNIQUES

By M. F. Montemor, A. Simões, Mário Ferreira. 2003

521 citations recorded by the source corpus.

One of the most important causes for reinforcing steel corrosion is the presence of chloride ions. They cause localised breakdown of the passive film that initially forms on steel as a result of the alkaline nature of the pore solution in concrete. The harmful chloride ions can be originated from the use of contaminated mix constituents or from the surrounding environment. The determination of a critical level, above which serious problems can occur, has been one of the main goals of investigation. Unfortunately, it is difficult to establish such a value since the chloride level is influenced by several factors. Thus, after concrete contamination, it is of fundamental importance to follow the activity of chlorides and the state of the reinforcing rebars. In this respect, the use of electrochemical techniques such as polarisation resistance, electrochemical impedance, galvanostatic pulse and potential measurements have shown to be powerful tools. Nevertheless, the interpretation of the results becomes sometimes a difficult task. A large number of authors have dedicated several studies to the interpretation of such measurements and a highly dispersed number of interpretations can be found in literature. The aim of this paper is to present an overview on the state-of-the-art of the most important aspects of the corrosion process initiated by chlorides, its development and monitoring techniques.

Subfields: Civil and Structural Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Pollution

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ec32d1eeade072eb2eed3c3b4ddcd355b8798ebf

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Civil and Structural Engineering

1. L. Yohai
2. I. Löfgren
3. M. Valcarce
4. Carlos Gil Berrocal
5. M. Vazquez
6. B. Pradhan
7. K. Lundgren

In Materials Chemistry

1. L. Yohai
2. I. Löfgren
3. M. Valcarce
4. M. Vazquez

In Pollution

1. B. Pradhan

Citations in the corpus

• Corrosion of steel bars embedded in fibre reinforced concrete under chloride attack: State of the art (2016, background): “tion of steel due to the presence of chlorides at the reinforcement level [4].”
• Phosphate ions as corrosion inhibitors for reinforcement steel in chloride-rich environments (2013, background): “The two most common causes of rebar corrosion are (i) localized breakdown of the passive film on the steel due to penetration of chloride ions [5, 6] and (ii) generalized corrosion by acidification of the concrete after reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide [7-9].”
• Detection of chlorides and moisture in concrete structures with ground penetrating radar (2008, background): “As soon as a certain threshold value of chlorides is exceeded, the protective passivity layer on the steel surface is locally destroyed and, in combination with water and oxygen, corrosion of the reinforcement can take place [3].”
• Corrosion behavior of steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to composite chloride–sulfate environment (2014, background): “Concrete is the most widely produced construction material on earth, with consumption, above dozens of billions of tons [1].”