Signals of El Niño Modoki in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere
By F. Xie, J. Li, W. Tian, Juan Feng, Y. Huo. 2012
157 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The effects of El Ni˜ no Modoki events on the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and on the stratosphere were investigated using European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) reanalysis data, oceanic El Ni˜ no indices, and general climate model outputs. El Ni ˜ no Modoki events tend to depress convective activities in the western and eastern Pacific but enhance convective activities in the central and northern Pacific. Consequently, during El Ni˜ no Modoki events, negative water vapor anomalies occur in the western and eastern Pacific upper troposphere, whereas there are positive anomalies in the central and northern Pa- cific upper troposphere. The spatial patterns of the outgo- ing longwave radiation (OLR) and upper tropospheric wa- ter vapor anomalies exhibit a tripolar form. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the OLR and upper tropospheric water vapor anomalies reveals that canonical El Nievents are associated with the leading mode of the EOF, while El Ni˜ no Modoki events correspond to the second mode. The composite analysis based on ERA-interim data indicate that El Ni ˜ no Modoki events have a reverse effect on middle-high latitudes stratosphere, as compared with the ef- fect of typical El Ni ˜ no events, i.e., the northern polar vortex is stronger and colder but the southern polar vortex is weaker and warmer during El Ni˜ no Modoki events. According to the simulation' results, we found that the reverse effect on the middle-high latitudes stratosphere is resulted from a compli- cated interaction between quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) signal of east phase and El Ni ˜
Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/eb888ce897d8e745db2f88bfb7e97705bf4c157e
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Citations in the corpus
- The Teleconnection of El Niño Southern Oscillation to the Stratosphere (2019, background): “…(Hegyi et al., 2014; Hurwitz et al., 2014), some argue that only eastern Pacific events lead to a weakening of the vortex (Calvo et al., 2017; F. Xie et al., 2012), while others argue that both lead to weakening of the polar vortex but with the vortex weakening in early winter stronger during…”