Role of critical metals in the future markets of clean energy technologies

By Leena Grandell, A. Lehtilä, M. Kivinen, T. Koljonen, S. Kihlman, L. Lauri. 2016

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On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research (2022, background): “If multi-TW annual manufacturing is achieved, silver supply will be not sufficient for continuing to apply current c-Si PV metallization techniques [319], [320].”
Reviewing the material and metal security of low-carbon energy transitions (2020, background): “More than other technologies, the solar panel industry is often labeled as the most likely to be affected by material shortages [7], [14], [25], [32], [42].”
Platinum Group Metals: A Review of Resources, Production and Usage with a Focus on Catalysts (2021, result): “By way of cross-correlation of the calculations presented here, a figure of 5,000 tonnes is reported for Ru [12,15], which is in good agreement with the 6731 tonnes determined using the procedure described in the Appendix A.”