Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

By G. Saunders. West Indian medical journal, 2006

1,308 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In the Caribbean, the typical Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus) is penicillin resistant, but susceptible to beta-lactamase stable penicillins to which methicillin belongs, first and second generation cephalosporins and beta-lactam/beta-lactam inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanate and piperacillin/tazobactam. Susceptibility to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole is usual. In contrast, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) are resistant to all beta-lactams. This is due to the production of a chromosomally mediated new penicillin binding protein, PBP 2a so that the target of drug action does not bind these drugs. Furthermore, MRSA tend to be resistant to alternative nonbeta-lactam agents. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and vancomycin are almost always found, although resistance to ciprofloxacin may arise during treatment. Methicillin-resistant S aureus first emerged in the late 1970s in Europe and North America, but are now encountered worldwide. It has been confined mostly to hospitalized patients, where the MRSA may be endemic or epidemic. Control of the organism has proven to be problematic, involving identification of colonization (and infection), sourceisolation and elimination of carriage with neomycin-chlorhexidine or mupirocin intranasally accompanied by chlorhexidine or triclosan showering. In teaching hospitals, in particular, MRSA isolates may outnumber methicillin susceptible isolates of S aureus (MSSA). The Netherlands, where a “search and destroy” policy is active, is the only European country without a problem of hospital-acquired MRSA. More recently, MRSA have emerged as causes of hospital-care associated infections, where the patient comes from the community or a nursing home with MRSA colonization that persisted since a prior period of hospitalization. In some cases, the nursing home becomes the focus of endemic MRSA. In this issue, Karabay et al (1) discuss increased awareness of proper hand hygiene in the control of MSSA and MRSA in two Turkish nursing homes. Currently, there is considerable concern about the recent emergence of MRSA infection in the community, without heathcare associated exposure. Northern United States of America and Canada have noted this unwelcome development (Professor P Levett, Saskatchewan Health, personal communication). In this issue, a case report describes community acquired MRSA in a child from Anguilla (2), suggesting that the Caribbean needs to be aware of MRSA infection without any history of healthcare contact.

Subfields: Infectious Diseases, Pharmacology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ea76b2a21389d3c3314cb21fef8c0d9784a0e522

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Infectious Diseases

1. Emily R. M. Sydnor
2. Trish Perl
3. S. Rutherford
4. B. Bassler

In Pharmacology

1. Emily R. M. Sydnor
2. Trish Perl
3. S. Rutherford
4. B. Bassler

Citations in the corpus

• Guidelines for the control and prevention of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities. (2006, background): “MRSA was first reported in 1961;(4) it has since been regarded both as a rare condition and of doubtful clinical significance,(5) and as a major pathogen in many countries.(6) Control is necessary because of the recent emergence of VISA and VRSA.”
• Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control in Acute-Care Settings (2011, background): “presence of percutaneous devices and catheters (39, 189).”
• Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance: The Most Critical Pathogens (2021, background): “Infections caused by a MRSA strain with a positive D-test should not be treated with clindamycin [73].”
• Antimicrobial resistance: A global emerging threat to public health systems (2017, background): “, 2011) but also by routes such as water or environmental contamination, as well as through direct animal contact (Weese et al., 2006; Price et al., 2007; Van Loo et al., 2007; Soavi et al., 2010).”
• Bacterial quorum sensing: its role in virulence and possibilities for its control. (2012, background): “aureus (MRSA) highlight the importance of studying and controlling this pathogen (Brumfitt and Hamilton-Miller 1989).”