Frequency standards

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Analysis of imperfections in the coherent optical excitation of single atoms to Rydberg states (2018, background): “Figure 7(a) shows the spectral density of frequency noise Sνi(f), which is related to the phase noise spectral density by Sνi(f) = f (2)Sφi(f) [47].”
An Atomic-Array Optical Clock with Single-Atom Readout (2019, background): “tical conditions (Fig. 4a). This approach follows previous clock studies, where true comparison to a second, fully independent clock system was not available [28, 29]. We plot the Allan deviation ˙ y [43] of y= (f 2 f 1)=( 0 p 2) in Fig. 4a, where 0 is the clock transition frequency and the p 2 fac”
Highly charged ions: Optical clocks and applications in fundamental physics (2018, methodology): “terrogation (Ramsey,1985) of a transition with frequency 0 using perfect pulses and a probe time TR, we get a fractional frequency uncertainty expressed in the form of an Allan deviation (Allan,1966;Riehle, 2004;Riley,2008) of ˙y(t) = 1 2ˇ0 p NTRt : (9) From this equation it becomes clear that a hig”