Polylactic acid (PLA) synthesis and modifications: a review

By Yanling Cheng, S. Deng, Paul Chen, Roger Ruan. 2009

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Fabricating porous poly(lactic acid) fibres via electrospinning (2018, background): “To improve its biomedical performance, modifications such as incorporation of additives or increasing surface area and surface roughness are necessary [31,32].”
Current progress on bio-based polymers and their future trends (2013, background): “…blends in various fields Polymer Applications Reference PLGA/PGA Ovine pulmonary valve replacement Williams et al. 1999; Sodian et al. 1999, 2000; Cheng et al. 2009 PLA/chitosan PLA/PLGA/ chitosan PLA Drug carrier/drug release Jeevitha and Kanchana 2013; Jayanth and Vinod 2012; Nagarwal et al.…”
Towards Controlled Degradation of Poly(lactic) Acid in Technical Applications (2021, background): “For example, the copolymerization of lactide with another lactone-type monomer such as polyglycolide results in poly-lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA), which has lower crystallinity and melting point than PLA [59].”
Properties and medical applications of polylactic acid: A review (2015, methodology): “In addition, the Mitsui Toatsu chemical company used organic solvents with a high boiling point to prepare poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) by direct solution PC, in which the lactic acid, catalysts, and solvents were mixed in a reactor so as to produce high molecular weights of approximately 300 kDa [12”