Effect of wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process parameters on bead geometry and microstructure

By Malcolm Dinovitzer, Xiaohu Chen, J. Laliberté, Xiao Huang, H. Frei. Additive Manufacturing, 2019

396 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract This paper discusses the effects of process parameters in TIG based WAAM for specimens created using Hastelloy X alloy (Haynes International) welding wire and 304 stainless-steel plate as the substrate. The Taguchi method and ANOVA were used to determine the effects of travel speed, wire feed rate, current, and argon flow rate on the responses including bead shape and size, bead roughness, oxidation levels, melt through depth, and the microstructure. Travel speed and current were found to have the largest effect on the responses. Increasing travel speed or decreasing current caused a decrease in melt through depth and an increase in roughness. Printing strategies were tested using specimens of multiple layers and no significant difference was found between printing layers in the same direction and printing layers in alternating directions. No observable interface between the layers was present suggesting a complete fusion between layers with no oxidation. Three distinct zones were identified within the three- and eight-layer samples. The zones were characterized by the size and distribution of the molybdenum carbide formations within the matrix grain formations.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e96ad6efe7d0835e814553fc2d298e47372bee5d

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In Automotive Engineering

1. J. P. Oliveira
2. B. Cong
3. Volker Wesling
4. Kai Treutler

In Mechanical Engineering

1. Z. Qi
2. Volker Wesling
3. Kai Treutler
4. J. P. Oliveira
5. Arungalai Vendan Subbiah
6. M. Chaturvedi
7. B. Cong
8. D. Mihailescu

Citations in the corpus

• Wire and arc additive manufacturing of a Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties (2020, methodology): “SMAs research work conducted to date has focused on powder-bed systems using a 47 laser [10, 11] or an electron beam [12-14] as the heat source.”
• Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization (2021, methodology): “[31] analyzed the effects of the process parameters on the TIG based WAAM product of HastelloyX alloy and 304 SS plate.”
• The Current State of Research of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM): A Review (2021, methodology): “showed that the process values have a significant influence on the melt pool shape as well [69].”
• Tensile properties and microstructural features of 304L austenitic stainless steel produced by wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (2020, background): “Furthermore, very few studies emphasize the effect of the specific microstructural features influencing the mechanical behavior [11, 12].”