High white-tailed deer densities benefit graminoids and contribute to biotic homogenization of forest ground-layer vegetation

By T. Rooney. Plant Ecology, 2009

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Big game or big loss? High deer densities are threatening woody plant diversity and vegetation dynamics (2014, background): “This selective foraging can also contribute to the biotic homogenization of understory communities (Olden 2006; Rooney 2009).”
Effects of abundant white-tailed deer on vegetation, animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and soils (2014, background): “…Rooney and Waller, 2003), reduce growth and reproduction of woodland herbs (Webster et al., 2005; Heckel et al., 2010), cause local extirpations of herbaceous species (Augustine and Frelich, 1998; Knight et al., 2009a), and decrease overall vegetation density (Rooney, 2009; Martin et al., 2010).”
Driving factors behind the eutrophication signal in understorey plant communities of deciduous temperate forests (2012, background): “Rising herbivore populations have a large impact on the composition of the forest understorey (e.g. Welander 2000; Kirby 2001; Rooney & Waller 2003; Rooney 2009; Royo et al. 2010).”