Enhanced sensitivity at higher-order exceptional points

By H. Hodaei, A. U. Hassan, S. Wittek, H. Garcia-Gracia, R. El-Ganainy, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, Mercedeh Khajavikhan. Nature, 2017

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Symmetry and Topology in Non-Hermitian Physics (2018, background): “Examples include power oscillations [40,74], unidirectional invisibility [48,74,75,77], high-performance lasers [46,47,51,59,78–80,84], exceptional-point encirclement [82,86,87,95], and enhanced sensitivity [50,58,67, 90,91].”
Hybrid-Liouvillian formalism connecting exceptional points of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and Liouvillians via postselection of quantum trajectories (2020, background): “The advantages of EPs for applications remain a very active topic of research [16, 61–74] and correctly modeling noise and quantum jumps is fundamental to correctly address the question of, e.”
Generalized parity–time symmetry condition for enhanced sensor telemetry (2018, background): “The exceptional points arising in these systems, found at the bifurcations of eigenfrequencies near the PT -phase transition, show potential to enhance the sensitivity of photonic sensors [31]-[35].”
Sensitivity of parameter estimation near the exceptional point of a non-Hermitian system (2018, background): “In this paper, we study the sensitivity around the EP of a coupled cavity system for its immediate relevance to recent experimental studies [31, 32].”
A review on non-Hermitian skin effect (2022, background): “Higher-order EPs are coalescences of multiple states [see Figure 2(b)], carrying higher-order singularities, which make them even more sensitive than the regular EPs [143].”